# FUNCTIONS

Types are the central organizing principle of the theory of programming languages. Language features are manifestations of type structure. The syntax of a language is governed by the constructs that define its types, and its semantics is determined by the interactions among those constructs. The soundness of a language design - the absence of ill-d...

This book started out as about 30 pages of notes for students in my introductory programming class at Mount St. Mary's University. Most of these students have no prior programming experience, and that has affected my approach. I leave out a lot of technical details and sometimes I oversimplify things. Some of these details are filled in later ...

Python for Everybody is designed to introduce students to programming and software development through the lens of exploring data. You can think of the Python programming language as your tool to solve data problems that are beyond the capability of a spreadsheet. Python is an easy to use and easy to learn programming language that is freely availa...

This is a simple open book to learn Python programming language, it is for the programmers who are new to Python. Python is an interpreted, high-level and general-purpose programming language. Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages. Large organizations that use Python include Wikipedia, Google, Yahoo, CERN, NA...

The purpose of the book is to give a thorough introduction to the methods of model theory for first order logic. Model theory is the branch of logic that deals with mathematical structures and the formal languages they interpret. First order logic is the most important formal language and its model theory is a rich and interesting subject with sign...

How to Think Like a Computer Scientist is an introductory programming book based on the OCaml language. It is a modified version of Think Python by Allen Downey. It is intended for newcomers to programming and also those who know some programming but want to learn programming in the function-oriented paradigm, or those who simply want to learn OCam...

If your job involves working with data in any manner, you cannot afford to ignore the R revolution! If your domain is called data analysis, analytics, informatics, data science, reporting, business intelligence, data management, big data, or visualization, you just have to learn R as this programming language is a game-changing sledgehammer. How...

C is a general-purpose, procedural computer programming language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. The C Programming Language Handbook follows the 80/20 rule: learn in 20% of the time the 80% of a topic. In particular, the goal is to get you up to speed quickly with C....

In this elementary textbook, Philip S. Peek draws on his twenty-five years of teaching experience to present the ancient Greek language in an imaginative and accessible way that promotes creativity, deep learning, and diversity. The course is built on three pillars: memory, analysis, and logic. Readers memorize the top 250 most frequently occurr...

This is an introduction to the Go language from Google. Its aim is to provide a guide to this new and innovative language. The intended audience of this book is people who are familiar with programming and know multiple programming languages,be it C, C++, Perl, Java, Erlang, Scala or Haskell. This is not a book which teaches you how to program, ...

This open book was written for a community college introductory course in spreadsheets utilizing Microsoft Excel. While the figures shown utilize Excel 2019, the textbook was written to be applicable to other versions of Excel as well. The book introduces new users to the basics of spreadsheets and is appropriate for students in any major who have ...

This book integrates the vital areas of object-orientation, functional programming, design patterns, and language design. The most important concepts from functional programming are captured with six design patterns: FUNCTION OBJECTS (Black-box behaviour parameterisation) LAZY OBJECTS (Evaluation-by-need semantics) VALUE OBJECTS (Immutable values) ...

Greatly enhanced and updated from the third edition, this is the title any JavaScripter cannot afford to be without! JavaScript Bible, 4th Edition covers the new powerful functionality JavaScript will gain with the release of new revs of Internet Explorer and Netscape Communicator. This book features essential new JS information, additional ready-t...

Mastering Dyalog APL is a complete guide to the use of Dyalog, beginning with a thorough introduction to the APL programming language. Following this, the tutorial describes a large number of common coding techniques and discusses a variety of interfaces, including file handling and COM/OLE. Bernard Legrand provides a comprehensive introduction to ...

The purpose of the 3rd edition of this book is to give a sound and self-contained (in the sense that the necessary probability theory is included) introduction to classical or mainstream statistical theory. It is not a statistical-methods-cookbook, nor a compendium of statistical theories, nor is it a mathematics book. The book is intended to be a ...

Perform fast interactive analytics against different data sources using the Presto high-performance, distributed SQL query engine. With this practical guide, you'll learn how to conduct analytics on data where it lives, whether it's Hive, Cassandra, a relational database, or a proprietary data store. Analysts, software engineers, and prod...

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are integrated circuits that enable designers to program customized digital logic in the field. FPGAs have been around since the 1980s and were originally conceived to give all design teams the ability to create custom logic. In the early days, using an FPGA in your design meant you had to do a lot of programm...

This is an intro to C for folks who already know how to program in another language. The first half of the book is written in a tutorial style, while the second half is a reference section complete with examples (inspired by the incomparable Turbo C Bible). The goal is to keep this up-to-date with the latest C standards. This guide assumes that ...

A broad introduction to algorithms for decision making under uncertainty, introducing the underlying mathematical problem formulations and the algorithms for solving them. Automated decision-making systems or decision-support systems - used in applications that range from aircraft collision avoidance to breast cancer screening - must be designed...

As we develop the applications to meet current and future needs, it is only natural to use current best practices and techniques for our designs and implementations. In the quest to improve how we develop, we can access a true wealth of information which is available on design patterns, object-oriented analysis, low-level code techniques and langua...

Python is a fun and extremely easy-to-use programming language that has steadily gained in popularity over the last few years. Developed over ten years ago by Guido van Rossum, Python's simple syntax and overall feel is largely derived from ABC, a teaching language that was developed in the 1980's. However, Python was also created to s...

Julia is a high-level, dynamic programming language. Its features are well suited for numerical analysis and computational science. Julia works with other languages (C, Python, R, Rust, C++, SQL, JavaScript, ...) The Purpose of this open book is to introduce programmers to the Julia programming by example. This is a simplified exposition of the l...

Erlang is the result of a project at Ericsson's Computer Science Laboratory to improve the programming of telecommunication applications. A critical requirement was supporting the characteristics of such applications, that include: massive concurrency, fault-tolerance, isolation, dynamic code upgrading at runtime, transactions. Throughout t...

Freshly updated for GTK3, the 2nd edition of An Introduction to C & GUI Programming will teach you all you need to know to write simple programs in C and start creating GUIs, even if you're an absolute beginner. The first half of the book is an introduction to C, and covers the basics of writing simple command-line programs. The second ...

This book explores the development, trends and research of library and information sciences (LIS) in the digital age. Inside, readers will find research and case studies written by LIS experts, educators and theorists, most of whom have visited China, delivered presentations there and drafted their articles based on feedback they received. As a res...

The aim of this book is to review and analyse the goods and services of bivalve shellfish. How they are defined, what determines the ecological functions that are the basis for the goods and services, what controversies in the use of goods and services exist, and what is needed for sustainable exploitation of bivalves from the perspective of the va...

This book contains a structured collection of complete solutions of all significant axially symmetric contact problems. It provides solutions for classical profiles such as the sphere, cone or flat cylindrical punch as well as a multitude of other technically relevant shapes, e.g. the truncated cone, the worn sphere, rough profiles, hollow cylinder...

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2012, held as part of the joint European Conference on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2012, which took place in Tallinn, Estonia, in March/April 2012. The 29 papers presented in this book toget...

This book provides a practical and self-contained overview of the Gene Ontology (GO), the leading project to organize biological knowledge on genes and their products across genomic resources. Written for biologists and bioinformaticians, it covers the state-of-the-art of how GO annotations are made, how they are evaluated, and what sort of analyse...

This volume explores interdependencies between knowledge, action, and space from different interdisciplinary perspectives. Some of the contributors discuss knowledge as a social construct based on collective action, while others look at knowledge as an individual capacity for action. The chapters contain theoretical frameworks as well as experiment...

The 3rd edition of this indispensable book in radio interferometry provides extensive updates to the 2nd edition, including results and technical advances from the past decade; discussion of arrays that now span the full range of the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum observable from the ground, 10 MHz to 1 THz; an analysis of factors that ...

This book provides a compendium of material properties, demonstrates several successful examples of bio-based materials' application in building facades, and offers ideas for new designs and novel solutions. It features a state-of-the-art review, addresses the latest trends in material selection, assembling systems, and innovative functions of...