# LETTER

The naval leader has taken centre stage in traditional naval histories. However, while the historical narrative has been fairly consistent the development of various navies has been accompanied by assumptions, challenges and competing visions of the social characteristics of naval leaders and of their function. Whilst leadership has been a constant...

Maria Stuart, described as Schiller's most perfect play, is a finely balanced, inventive account of the last day of the captive Queen of Scotland, caught up in a great contest for the throne of England after the death of Henry VIII and over the question of England's religious confession. Hope for and doubt about Mary's deliverance gr...

Flight during times of persecution has a long and fraught history in early Christianity. In the third century, bishops who fled were considered cowards or, worse yet, heretics. On the face, flight meant denial of Christ and thus betrayal of faith and community. But by the fourth century, the terms of persecution changed as Christianity became the f...

This open book discusses British literature as part of a network of global entangled modernities and shared aesthetic concerns, departing from the retrospective model of a postcolonial "writing back" to the centre. Accordingly, the narrative strategies in the texts of early Black Atlantic authors, like Equiano, Sancho, Wedderburn, and Sea...

This open access book explores the amazing similarity between paths taken by people and many other things in life, and its impact on the way we live, teach and learn. Offering insights into the new scientific field of paths as part of the science of networks, it entertainingly describes the universal nature of paths in large networked structures. ...

This open book investigates the transnationally connected history of Arab Christian communities in Palestine during the British Mandate (1918-1948) through the lens of the birth of cultural diplomacy. Relying predominantly on unpublished sources, it examines the relationship between European cultural agendas and local identity formation processes a...

CSS, a shorthand for Cascading Style Sheets, is one of the main building blocks of the Web. Its history goes back to the 90's and along with HTML it has changed a lot since its humble beginnings. This handbook is aimed at a vast audience. - First, the beginner. I explain CSS from zero in a succinct but comprehensive way, so you can use thi...

This book started out as about 30 pages of notes for students in my introductory programming class at Mount St. Mary's University. Most of these students have no prior programming experience, and that has affected my approach. I leave out a lot of technical details and sometimes I oversimplify things. Some of these details are filled in later ...

This original edited volume takes William Blake's aphorism as a basis to explore how British Romantic literature creates its own sense of time. It considers Romantic poetry as embedded in and reflecting on the march of time, regarding it not merely as a reaction to the course of events between the late-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries, ...

How to Think Like a Computer Scientist is an introductory programming book based on the OCaml language. It is a modified version of Think Python by Allen Downey. It is intended for newcomers to programming and also those who know some programming but want to learn programming in the function-oriented paradigm, or those who simply want to learn OCam...

This issue we're paying homage to some of our favourite projects built on the Raspberry Pi. We're living in a golden age for experimentation, accessible making and digital discovery - and a large part of that is thanks to this teeny tiny computer. Just add imagination! - How one maker achieved perfection (yes, really!) by embracing fai...

Anyone can be a scientist, and this issue we'll show you how. Whether you're interested in space, traffic, the oceans, or something else, there's a citizen science project for you. The world has never been more connected - so let's use that connectivity to make our planet better! - We talk to a real-like scientist about the e...

If your 3D printer is looking a little dusty and unloved, now's the time to put it to work: we've 50 of the best 3D prints to improve your home, office, workshop and more. From functional to frivolous, we've got ideas for you. It's time to unleash the awesome power of your printer! - Oskitone: where 3D printing meets analogue...

When you've graduated from breadboards and jumper wires it's time to tackle electronics the way the pros do it: by making your own PCBs! We'll take you from beginner to slightly more experienced beginner, with a guide to designing, debugging and manufacturing your own custom electronic creation. - Learn the secrets of the guitaris...

Laravel is full of hidden gems, undocumented or less-known features, functions parameters and "hacks". While finding them in work of my team, I decided to compile them into an ebook....

Machine learning used to be the preserve of university research departments with money to burn on high-power, high-cost kit - but not any more! Thanks to a new breed of affordable dev boards, anyone can get in on the act at pocket money prices. We've trawled the makersphere for the best, most creative machine learning projects to show just wha...

Human beings come in all shapes and sizes, all abilities and disabilities. So why should we have to fit in with technology, when technology can so easily be changed to suit us? That's the key question that unites the projects in this issue. From joystick adaptations to prosthetic limbs, we take a look at the ways that open source hardware is m...

The Raspberry Pi Pico: it costs pennies, it's simple to program with, and it's really good at getting data in and out. In short, it's the ideal board for home projects. We've hunted high and low for the best, most innovative, most creative projects around to show off what the Pico can do. What will you build with yours? - Dis...

Things fall apart, the centre cannot hold. That's why repair skills are so important! This month we're talking upcycling - the art of making beautiful new projects out of old junk. Plus: what happens when your just-for-kicks project turns out to be something that loads of people want? We talk to Timon Skerutsch, creator of the Piunora,...

What could be more satisfying than building a whole computer, from scratch? You might think it's impossible these days, but we've found a band of makers who are re-creating the clicky switches and flashing LEDs of a bygone age. Have a go yourself! - Design, sustainability and ethics with Jude Pullen; - Add much-needed safety features ...

There's a huge range of computer-controlled machines used by makers - 3D printers, laser cutters, CNC mills and more - but the plotter is the easiest to make. This makes it a great build for getting started in the world of computer-controlled machines. For around £15 you can create your own drawing machine with our guide. - Learn how hydra...

From component choice, to packaging, to marketing, to the million other things that you need to do when you scale up production, we'll help you turn your project into a product - and along the way it'll help you be a better maker. - Build a rocket-powered wing-wing glider out of balsa wood and 3D printed parts (it's like the space...

In this magisterial book, William St Clair unfolds the history of the Parthenon throughout the modern era to the present day, with special emphasis on the period before, during, and after the Greek War of Independence of 1821 - 32. Focusing particularly on the question of who saved the Parthenon from destruction during this conflict, with the help ...

Everyone needs a little cryptology. The problem with crypto is that it has a reputation of being very hard and mysterious, as well as very easy to get wrong. While there are aspects of crypto that are connected to quite modern and complex theories - such as number theory, an old and deep branch of mathematics; complexity theory, a new(er) and su...

The Raspberry Pi Pico: it's tiny, it's fast, it's versatile, and even more impressively these days it's available. And now it's got even better, with the introduction of the new internet-enabled Raspberry Pi Pico W. We'll run through the capabilities of this little board, and get you started on the road to victory with...

As children we were told not to play with our food. As adults, we can do whatever the heck we like. Join us this month to celebrate the joy of messing around with food, whether that's grilling cheese, making coffee, or automating the construction of tacos. - Find things to make and do with polystyrene - Drool over a 3D printed chocolate Je...

You might think that the next big leap in 3D printing would come in the form of a pristine white box from a high-end manufacturing facility. You'd be wrong. The hot new thing in 3D printing is an open source machine you can put together yourself in your kitchen. Come with us, and find out why your next printer should be a Voron. - Grow food...

The Internet of Things is playground for makers. From practical projects such as pet feeders and automatic blind, to silly things like a texting pot plant, there are as many ways of connecting ordinary object to the internet as you can imagine. Let's explore! - Meet the mom behind Geek Mom Projects - Build a flatpack rocket - Turn 3D prin...

When you combine the sheer scale and range of digital information now available with a journalist's "nose for news" and her ability to tell a compelling story, a new world of possibility opens up. With The Data Journalism Handbook, you'll explore the potential, limits, and applied uses of this new and fascinating field. This ...

With a little bit of coding, you can breathe life into anything. Discover the building blocks of programming that will take your creations to the next level - whether that's motors, servos, sensors or just adding blinkenlights. Coding is a superpower! - How to build an elite-level hot air balloon - Get ready for Christmas with flashy festi...

It's not yet Christmas, but we come bearing glad tidings: the supply of Raspberry Pis available to hobbyists is starting to come back to normal. To celebrate, we're exploring 20 of the best hardware projects you can build with a Raspberry Pi - whether that's large or small, simple or complex, useful or not-so-useful. - Keep your p...

Flying machines: humans have always dreamed about flight, but with our puny arms and lack of feathers it's something we've struggled with. No more! Join us as we explore the best, cleverest and most innovative home-made flying machines. Icarus would have been proud! - Behold: the world's first articulated print-in-place chocolate ...